随着Papyan等人最近对“神经崩溃（NC）”现象的观察，已经采取了各种努力来对其进行建模和分析。神经崩溃描述，在深层分类器网络中，与训练数据相关的最终隐藏层的类特征倾向于崩溃到各自的类功能均值。因此，将最后一层分类器的行为简化为最近级中心决策规则的行为。在这项工作中，我们分析了有助于从头开始对这种现象进行建模的原理，并展示他们如何建立对试图解释NC的最近提出的模型的共同理解。我们希望我们的分析对建模NC和有助于与神经网络的概括能力建立联系的多方面观点。最后，我们通过讨论进一步研究的途径并提出潜在的研究问题来得出结论。

We propose an ensemble approach to predict the labels in linear programming word problems. The entity identification and the meaning representation are two types of tasks to be solved in the NL4Opt competition. We propose the ensembleCRF method to identify the named entities for the first task. We found that single models didn't improve for the given task in our analysis. A set of prediction models predict the entities. The generated results are combined to form a consensus result in the ensembleCRF method. We present an ensemble text generator to produce the representation sentences for the second task. We thought of dividing the problem into multiple small tasks due to the overflow in the output. A single model generates different representations based on the prompt. All the generated text is combined to form an ensemble and produce a mathematical meaning of a linear programming problem.

The rapid growth of machine translation (MT) systems has necessitated comprehensive studies to meta-evaluate evaluation metrics being used, which enables a better selection of metrics that best reflect MT quality. Unfortunately, most of the research focuses on high-resource languages, mainly English, the observations for which may not always apply to other languages. Indian languages, having over a billion speakers, are linguistically different from English, and to date, there has not been a systematic study of evaluating MT systems from English into Indian languages. In this paper, we fill this gap by creating an MQM dataset consisting of 7000 fine-grained annotations, spanning 5 Indian languages and 7 MT systems, and use it to establish correlations between annotator scores and scores obtained using existing automatic metrics. Our results show that pre-trained metrics, such as COMET, have the highest correlations with annotator scores. Additionally, we find that the metrics do not adequately capture fluency-based errors in Indian languages, and there is a need to develop metrics focused on Indian languages. We hope that our dataset and analysis will help promote further research in this area.

Chatbots, or bots for short, are multi-modal collaborative assistants that can help people complete useful tasks. Usually, when chatbots are referenced in connection with elections, they often draw negative reactions due to the fear of mis-information and hacking. Instead, in this paper, we explore how chatbots may be used to promote voter participation in vulnerable segments of society like senior citizens and first-time voters. In particular, we build a system that amplifies official information while personalizing it to users' unique needs transparently. We discuss its design, build prototypes with frequently asked questions (FAQ) election information for two US states that are low on an ease-of-voting scale, and report on its initial evaluation in a focus group. Our approach can be a win-win for voters, election agencies trying to fulfill their mandate and democracy at large.

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular diseases: over five percent of US adults suffer from DED. Tear film instability is a known factor for DED, and is thought to be regulated in large part by the thin lipid layer that covers and stabilizes the tear film. In order to aid eye related disease diagnosis, this work proposes a novel paradigm in using computer vision techniques to numerically analyze the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) spread. Eleven videos of the tear film lipid layer spread are collected with a micro-interferometer and a subset are annotated. A tracking algorithm relying on various pillar computer vision techniques is developed. Our method can be found at https://easytear-dev.github.io/.

Automation in farming processes is a growing field of research in both academia and industries. A considerable amount of work has been put into this field to develop systems robust enough for farming. Terrace farming, in particular, provides a varying set of challenges, including robust stair climbing methods and stable navigation in unstructured terrains. We propose the design of a novel autonomous terrace farming robot, Aarohi, that can effectively climb steep terraces of considerable heights and execute several farming operations. The design optimisation strategy for the overall mechanical structure is elucidated. Further, the embedded and software architecture along with fail-safe strategies are presented for a working prototype. Algorithms for autonomous traversal over the terrace steps using the scissor lift mechanism and performing various farming operations have also been discussed. The adaptability of the design to specific operational requirements and modular farm tools allow Aarohi to be customised for a wide variety of use cases.

Verifying the input-output relationships of a neural network so as to achieve some desired performance specification is a difficult, yet important, problem due to the growing ubiquity of neural nets in many engineering applications. We use ideas from probability theory in the frequency domain to provide probabilistic verification guarantees for ReLU neural networks. Specifically, we interpret a (deep) feedforward neural network as a discrete dynamical system over a finite horizon that shapes distributions of initial states, and use characteristic functions to propagate the distribution of the input data through the network. Using the inverse Fourier transform, we obtain the corresponding cumulative distribution function of the output set, which can be used to check if the network is performing as expected given any random point from the input set. The proposed approach does not require distributions to have well-defined moments or moment generating functions. We demonstrate our proposed approach on two examples, and compare its performance to related approaches.

We propose a principled way to define Gaussian process priors on various sets of unweighted graphs: directed or undirected, with or without loops. We endow each of these sets with a geometric structure, inducing the notions of closeness and symmetries, by turning them into a vertex set of an appropriate metagraph. Building on this, we describe the class of priors that respect this structure and are analogous to the Euclidean isotropic processes, like squared exponential or Mat\'ern. We propose an efficient computational technique for the ostensibly intractable problem of evaluating these priors' kernels, making such Gaussian processes usable within the usual toolboxes and downstream applications. We go further to consider sets of equivalence classes of unweighted graphs and define the appropriate versions of priors thereon. We prove a hardness result, showing that in this case, exact kernel computation cannot be performed efficiently. However, we propose a simple Monte Carlo approximation for handling moderately sized cases. Inspired by applications in chemistry, we illustrate the proposed techniques on a real molecular property prediction task in the small data regime.

围绕深度学习算法的长期挑战是解开和了解它们如何做出决定。可解释的人工智能（XAI）提供了方法，以解释算法的内部功能及其决策背后的原因，这些方式以人类用户的解释和可理解的方式提供了解释。 。到目前为止，已经开发了许多XAI方法，并且对这些策略进行比较分析似乎是为了辨别它们与临床预测模型的相关性。为此，我们首先实施了两个使用结构化表格和时间序列生理数据的创伤性脑损伤（TBI）（TBI）的预测模型。使用六种不同的解释技术来描述本地和全球水平的预测模型。然后，我们对每种策略的优点和缺点进行了批判性分析，突出了对使用这些方法感兴趣的研究人员的影响。根据几种XAI特征，例如可理解性，忠诚度和稳定性，将实施的方法相互比较。我们的发现表明，Shap是最稳定的，其保真度最高，但缺乏可理解性。另一方面，锚是最可理解的方法，但仅适用于表格数据而不是时间序列数据。

我们在基于分子的机器学习（MOB-ML）中介绍了一种新颖的机器学习策略，即内核加法过程回归（KA-GPR），以了解封闭式和开放式壳的通用电子结构理论的总相关能力通过引入机器学习策略来系统。 MOB-ML（KA-GPR）的学习效率与最小的Criegee分子的原始MOB-ML方法相同，这是具有多引用特征的封闭壳分子。此外，通过示例结构训练，不同小自由基的预测精度可以达到1 kcal/mol的化学精度。 MOB-ML（KA-GPR）也可以生成H10链（闭合壳）和水OH OH离解（开放壳）的准确势能表面。为了探索KA-GPR可以描述的化学系统的广度，我们进一步应用MOB-ML准确预测闭合的大型基准数据集，用于闭合 - （QM7B-T，GDB-13-T）和Open-Shell（QMSPIN）分子。